Draft:UTEX 3222
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Comment: Seems notable, however other editors should take a look, thank you Ozzie10aaaa (talk) 14:43, 16 April 2025 (UTC)
- Comment: Was this species formally described and given a binomial name by a taxonomist? Sophisticatedevening🍷(talk) 16:43, 29 March 2025 (UTC)
| UTEX 3222 | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria
|
| Phylum: | Cyanobacteriota[1]
|
| Class: | Cyanophyceae[1]
|
| Order: | Chroococcales[1]
|
| Family: | Geminocystaceae[1]
|
| Genus: | Cyanobacterium[1]
|
| Species: | Cyanobacterium aponinum[1]
|
| Synonyms | |
|
Cyanobacterium aponinum var Vulcano 2[2] | |
UTEX 3222 is a strain of the species Cyanobacterium aponinum, that was discovered off the coast of Baia di Levante, Italy.[3] This cyanobacteria exhibits fast, high density, unicellular, planktonic growth while displaying quick settling rates in liquid.[3] With the addition of its cyanobacterial photosynthetic function and its high carbon biomass composition, UTEX 3222 seems potentially useful for atmospheric CO₂ sequestration and optimizing bioproduction within industry.[3]
Characteristics
[edit]UTEX 3222 demonstrates fast growth on solid, BG-11 freshwater medium, with a wide tolerance for growing conditions.[3] Optimal growth rate has been achieved at a temperature of 45℃, a temperature somewhat higher than used for other cyanobacteria models.[3] A pH of 6.5-9.8 was tolerated by UTEX 3222 with the fastest exponential growth found at pH 6.5 and highest cell density at pH 8.[3] Moderate salinity (10g/L NaCL) produced fastest growth, yet UTEX 3222 exhibited high salt tolerance. In addition, an irradiance of 1,500 µE is tolerated but growth rates reach capacity at 500 µE.[3] In optimal conditions, UTEX 3222 has displayed a fast doubling time of 2.35 ± 0.10 hours.[3] As well, UTEX 3222 grows to high density (>31 g/L biomass dry weight after 12 days) in batch culture, producing larger colonies than record setting UTEX 3154.[3]
Biomass characterization
[edit]Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and storage granules are common carbon storage structures within cyanobacteria.[3] These structures appear more prominent in size and number in UTEX 3222, compared to the high-density growing cyanobacteria, UTEX 3154.[3] These structural differences account for UTEX 3222's higher carbon content as revealed in biomass composition analysis and C/H/N elemental analysis.[3]
Phenotype
[edit]In liquid cultures, UTEX 3222 aggregates into tight pellets within hours and settles quickly. The biomass of UTEX 3222 settles faster than the comparison strain, UTEX 3154, with a gravitational sinking velocity 2.16x quicker.[3] The difference in sinking velocity is primarily due to UTEX 3222's greater cell volume rather than buoyant density.[3] The dramatic difference in settling overnight and the speed at which UTEX 3222 forms a supernatant, cannot fully be explained by sinking velocity, indicating there are other factors involved such as cell aggregation.[3]
History
[edit]Cyanobacterium aponinum UTEX 3222 was discovered in 2024 when Schubert et al. explored shallow volcanic seeps off the coast of Baia di Levante in Vulcano Island, Italy.[3] The team was investigating illuminated marine areas with high CO₂ levels, hoping to find organisms that had evolved enhanced fitness, as adaptations would not need to focus on limitations in CO₂ availability.[3] The closest known relative to UTEX 3222 is Cyanobacterium aponinum PCC 10605, yet the whole clade remains relatively unstudied.[3]
Reference
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Shih, Patrick M.; Wu, Dongying; Latifi, Amel; Axen, Seth D.; Fewer, David P.; Talla, Emmanuel; Calteau, Alexandra; Cai, Fei; Tandeau de Marsac, Nicole; Rippka, Rosmarie; Herdman, Michael; Sivonen, Kaarina; Coursin, Therese; Laurent, Thierry; Goodwin, Lynne (2012-12-31). "Improving the coverage of the cyanobacterial phylum using diversity-driven genome sequencing". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (3): 1053–1058. doi:10.1073/pnas.1217107110. ISSN 0027-8424.
- ^ Algae, UTEX Culture Collection of. "UTEX B 3222 Cyanobacterium aponinum". UTEX Culture Collection of Algae. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Schubert, Max G.; Tang, Tzu-Chieh; Goodchild-Michelman, Isabella M.; Ryon, Krista A.; Henriksen, James R.; Chavkin, Theodore; Wu, Yanqi; Miettinen, Teemu P.; Van Wychen, Stefanie; Dahlin, Lukas R.; Spatafora, Davide; Turco, Gabriele; Guarnieri, Michael T.; Manalis, Scott R.; Kowitz, John (2024-11-20). Cann, Isaac (ed.). "Cyanobacteria newly isolated from marine volcanic seeps display rapid sinking and robust, high-density growth". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 90 (11). doi:10.1128/aem.00841-24. ISSN 0099-2240.